http://truthufo.blogspot.com/: Sciences: String theory makes a 10-dimensional universe

Friday, 22 August 2008

Sciences: String theory makes a 10-dimensional universe

For ordinary mortals, there are only four dimensions, three spatial and temporal. Even perceive us happy time as did Newton, ie as a parameter absolute axis immutable.
We know of course, since Einstein and general relativity, an area and time are really inseparable, that time is elastic and lengths contractables.
Nevertheless, the space-time continuum remains for the ordinary understanding, a relatively vague concept ...

And now that physicists invent new dimensions, to give the spin.
To understand what leads to this construction unlikely, it must be remembered that modern physics advance on two legs.

On the one hand, Einstein's general relativity. Describing the behaviour of bodies subject to gravity, or gravity, it applies to large-scale structure of our universe.
At the other end, quantum mechanics reflects the behavior of elementary particles on a scale infinitesimal.

THE GREAT UNIFICATION "

Quantum mechanics gave birth in the 1970's, a superb model, the "standard model". It postulates, experimental tests to support that the universe is formed, all in all, 12 of particulate matter, 6 quarks and leptons 6, and 4 particles carrying forces. But this model does that three of these forces, those involved at the atomic scale or subatomic: the electromagnetic force between electrons and the nuclei two forces at work inside nuclei, the weak force and strong force. The model leaves aside the fourth force, gravity, the negligible effects on the scale of elementary particles, but the largest scales, dominates yet.

Until now, physicists have failed to walk the two legs of the same. If although their representation of the universe claudique. This is where string theory, which proposes to reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanics. To achieve the "great unification". In short, to deliver the ultimate key to the universe.

The door was ajar by Italian Gabriele Veneziano. That was in 1968. He was working on nuclear interactions strong. "We identified a property a little bizarre, a duality similar to the dual nature waves and particles of certain constituents of matter, relate there. And we realized that this property assumed the existence of particles whose spectrum excitement resembled the frequency spectrum of a musical chord. " String theory was born. She would hear several twists. From mid 1970, the success of the standard model the eclipse. Only a handful of physicists in the world continue to show interest.

In a reversal concept that science is fond, string theory will make a return, rather than from the study of strong interactions, but gravity. More accurately, as "quantum theory of gravitation." It indeed the existence of several mass zero particles, whose graviton, which would force of gravity previously excluded from the standard model. The junction between quantum mechanics and relativity was made. "The dream continued throughout his life by Einstein, commented Gabriele Veneziano, - was - finally realized."

AS M "MYSTERY"

String theory raises, from mid 1980, a craze that did deny. It will grow a theory supercordes. And makers of the five versions, which remains today a major, called M theory, as "mystery".

What does this theory?
That the ultimate constituents of matter quarks or, if available, even smaller particles do not look like points, but to vibrating strings, ie a one-dimensional extended objects in the space can be open or closed loop.

Needless to try to see these singers vibrionnants: the size of a rope would be about 10 34 metres.
They can not speak, say the equations that in a world with at least 6 additional spatial dimensions compared to 3 as we know it.
This brings to 10 the number of dimensions of World ropes.
Some physicists to add, leading to 11 ...
It is much, but far less than the 26 dimensions assumed a moment, before the theory supercordes not merges strings interacting with each other to get fewer extravagant.

How to represent the unimaginable?
No question here, parallel universes.
The extra dimensions s'apparenteraient rather, describes Gabriele Veneziano, a microscopic loops.
Their size, it remains the order of the strings themselves or reaches 1 mm, making them inaccessible to our senses.
For that we perceived these tiny circumvolutions of our space-time should be at their own pace.

If speculation is, string theory attracted a growing number of physicists. Today, several thousand "string" on the planet dream to validate these assumptions in the new large particle collider at CERN in Geneva or by observing the traces of a hypothetical pre-Big Bang, when space-time had maybe the size of a rope. "The standard model has dozens of years before being formalized, said Gabriele Veneziano. Patience!" Kind to give time to space-time multidimensional.