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Friday, 22 August 2008

We know today that the military would be very interested, and on both sides of the Atlantic and particularly in France in 1956 at the instigation of the SNCASO (Société Nationale de Constructions Aeronautical South West), become Sud Aviation on 1 March 1957. More no official report does transpires, nor any reference to what is now called the "Brown effect" until November 6, 2001 and the famous TOPS release. Then Jean-Louis Naudin, a french investigator, enters the scene. Intrigued by this report, it reproduced the experiment. Then the refined. The device he built no longer turn on an axis: it flies! Immediately, a website is created which disseminates information in all its details. The excitement is immediate, and so far, more than 130 people worldwide, of all ages, all professions and from all sources, have reproduced the experiment successfully… whose author of these lines (the 101st… ).

The lifters

This word, it is unclear where they came from, and which could result in "lifting" or "flying", was devoted unanimously by all those that the phenomenon of interest or passion. A Lifter is something very simple. Imagine a very light (balsa) triangular shaped, under which hangs a "skirt" metal (aluminum paper). This is the cathode. Maintained by 20 or 30 mm above this structure, a very fine thread running plays anode. We actually built a capacitor. That's all, it's so simple that it is almost irritating. A voltage is then applied between anode and cathode, and all… flies! On 22 November in Liege, at a conference, the public could see Lifter operate a 21 cm side, weighing 3.5 grams, powered by a voltage of 31,000 volts simply taken on a monitor HT d ' computer. The astonishing simplicity of the device, the impression of being in front of a simple toy that everyone can assemble the price of a significant financial effort, if any, and to fly on the kitchen table, with the precautions imposed high tension, is striking. The Lifter left the table when the voltage is applied, with a surprising violence, and finds himself immediately "suspended" up to three nylon son who maintain the work plan by preventing it from escaping. The Lifter of the author in full flight! Watch video of this experiment (Real Video format - 519 KB) In fact discovery "home", it had already been demonstrated by a young American researcher, Townsend Brown, who at the beginning of 30 years, had found that capacitor, loading, had a tendency to move towards its positive pole… In 1952, it demonstrates that two capacitors lenticular form, prepared at the ends of a rotary arm, were set to turn very quickly when tension was their important applied. The electrokinetic propulsion was born.

But why a fly Lifter?
This explanation, based on patents Thownsen Brown, 1960 and 1962, considers the operation in the atmosphere: We have a common thread (positive electrode) overcoming a metallic skirt (negative electrode). When voltage is applied, electrons are pulled free from the atoms of the environment (air) surrounding the positive electrode, where the electric field gradient is maximal, and migrate to here where they are captured. This air forms a "cloud" highly ionized surrounding the anode. The metallic skirt, negatively charged, is attracted to this cloud and undergoes a force of climb. On the other hand, this ionized air is also drawn by the skirt and moving down along the lines of force of the electric field. Once these positive ions come into contact with the skirt negatively charged, they are being neutralized. But violence impacts their hard metal electrons, which are captured by atoms surrounding air and form a cloud loaded him negatively. Postponed down by the skirt (polarity identical), ionized air that provides a surge climb which adds to the first. Indeed, if we approach (cautiously!) The hand of a Lifter flight, one can feel a slight breath (attention, 10 cm apart an electric arc is formed, and then you feel anything other than a slight breath …). Similarly, smoke emitted on the Lifter is immediately sent back down. This theory seemed valid. Yes, but… Quite recently, some experimenters had the idea of reversing the polarity of a lifter, turning the cathode to anode, and vice versa. Impact: None. The craft took off as if nothing had happened, apparently ignoring the laws of physics the most basic. Similarly, experiments conducted in a vacuum have shown that a push, though reduced, continued. This explanation, which is based on patents of 1960 and 1962 remember, must be reviewed and refined. So? So, we must rely to a report published by the U.S. Army… (!) November 4, 2002, which the following excerpt (translated from America): So far we do not understand the physical basis of 'Indeed Biefeld-Brown. The magnitude of the force on the capacitor asymmetrical suggests that there are two mechanisms conduction load between its different electrodes, a wind ion ballistics, another of ion movement. But the calculations show that the ion wind is at least 3 times too small to explain the value of force observed in the capacitor. The assumption transfer ion movement led to an order of magnitude correct for the force, however, it is difficult to see how the movement fits into ionic theory. To understand this effect, one must build a theoretical model more detailed and will take into account the effects of plasma, the ionization gas (or air) in the field strongly electrified, transportation charge and dynamic forces that result from the electrodes. The series of experiments to come could determine whether the effect occurs in a vacuum, and a serious study should be conducted to determine how the pressure of gas, various gases and the voltage applied are correlated with the strength observed. Thus, these findings, if they do not invalidate the theory completely, demonstrate that it is not sufficient to explain the phenomenon. And the question of what, exactly, is flying a Lifter, the surest answer at the moment is: you do not know anything. One condition, however, appear essential for the proper functioning of the experience: the asymmetry of forming the capacitor Lifter. The edge of the "skirt" facing over the cathode must submit a flare. In fact, it works also with a "skirt" tubular…

The architecture of Lifters

The first Lifters were characterized by the same triangular shape base, the latter having several essential qualities which a limited number of rooms for a maximum development and rigidity perfect. But soon, new models have emerged, combining them to form triangles several packages at once more complex and porters. Test a Lifter outdoors by Jean-Louis Naudin. Source: http://membres.lycos.fr/jlnlabs/lifters/index.htm Thus these findings, if they do not invalidate the theory completely, demonstrate that it is not sufficient to explain the phenomenon. And the question of what, exactly, is flying a Lifter, the surest answer at the moment is: you do not know anything. One condition, however, appear essential for the proper functioning of the experience: the asymmetry of forming the condenser Lifter. The edge of the "skirt" facing over the cathode must submit a flare. In fact, it works also with a "skirt"… tubular configuration cell, sometimes several floors, optimization surfaces, gauges anode / cathode, everything is subject to change in this unit basic and easy to build, and since many people, amateurs or not, whether from a scientific community, have captured the phenomenon, the performance of Lifters (weight / thrust) has been increasing in a significant proportion. 11 months after the first publication of work by Jean-Louis Naudin on its website, the power of Lifters had already been multiplied by 2.7. And that means falling with more crafts than scientific experimentation. We have yet to infancy of the method. Already in the laboratory of Jean-Louis Naudin, a Lifter of 97 grams was able to raise a payload of 60 grams. And on January 8, 2003, the same Lifter, named "Maximus", a monster of 134 grams over, with 3 floors of 84 capacitors forming a structure of 1.20 meter wide, was its work plan carrying the first living being in one basket: the mouse "Orville". Event perhaps ridiculous, but especially premonitory and fraught with meaning. If, until now, these aircraft have been flying powered by an electric current from outside, the fact that the payload is growing rapidly leaves considered for the near future when this energy source can be shipped. The prospect of seeing a rise Lifter become completely autonomous launching a challenge to our imagination. Considering what has been described, in particular its ability to create a surge both in the atmosphere in a vacuum, it is impossible to predict exactly what will happen then. The most surprising is that maybe this time, given the speed and accuracy of progress, we feel very close.

The strange attitude of Nasa
But then, if the prospects opened by Lifters also appear revolutionary, how can we explain the attitude of NASA? Any significant technological advance, any significant improvement in the field of flight, propulsion, or a science likely to interest the military immediately subject to protection at the highest level. Patents taken in these circumstances are never published, and if progress is really important, is total secrecy. Here, no secret. This method of propulsion (which might be described as electricity) has been the subject of several patents from NASA, but it was immediately rushed to place them in the public domain. The reason we seem somewhat blurred… Unless NASA and the U.S. government which it is the product does and wants to ensure that no third industry as governmental organization, can claim the invention as exclusive. Indeed, a patented invention on a global scale can no longer be a second patent, even if the reproduction rights have been abandoned. Of course, the risk is real and to see the idea reproduced and perfected by others, unless… unless there is come himself to such a degree of progress and development that the supremacy does already and definitively acquired.